KIND OF THERMOMETERS

As nurses is important to know the different types of basic tools in the different situations of this profession, in this case we know the types of thermometers:


Digital thermometers

You can get the fastest and most accurate results with a digital thermometer. They are available in many shapes and sizes at different locations, such as grocery stores and pharmacies. Be sure to read the instructions given to you with the thermometer so that you can get the most accurate results; this also goes for any other type of thermometer you may use. There is a sensor on the end of the thermometer that touches the body part and reads the body’s temperature. You can use a digital thermometer in three ways:

·         Oral (in the mouth)

       Rectal (in the bottom)
      Axillary (under the arm)

Electronic ear thermometer

This thermometer measures the temperature inside of the ear. It will read the infrared heat that comes from inside of the ear. Make sure place the thermometer inside of the ear in the right way for the best results. For older babies and children they can be quicker and easier to use. If the baby is three months or younger the results might be incorrect. If there is too much wax in the ear it can also make the reading of the temperature be incorrect. Ear thermometers are also more expensive.

 

 

Forehead thermometers

This is also used to measure temperature, but they may not be as reliable as the digital thermometers. Forehead thermometers are placed on the temporal artery of the forehead and will read the infrared heat that comes off of the head.

Plastic “fever” strip thermometers

If you are looking for an exact temperature this is NOT what you should use. They come in small plastic strips and you place them on the forehead. You cannot rely on these for taking a temperature, especially for infants and young children.

Pacifier thermometer

When an infant is younger than three months you cannot use a pacifier thermometer to take their temperature. The baby must be still for a few minutes with the pacifier in their mouth. It is generally very hard for babies to stay very still and this may make the reading on the thermometer wrong.

Glass and mercury thermometers

This is a glass tube with mercury inside of the tube. The tube goes underneath the tongue and the body temperature will cause the mercury to rise inside the tube. The point where the mercury stops will be what your temperature is. Once, a very popular way to take a temperature, it has been realized that these thermometers now create the risk of exposure to mercury. You are encouraged to rid your home of all mercury thermometers. DO NOT just throw away a mercury thermometer. You should consult with your doctor or your local health department for the right way to dispose of the thermometer.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present continuous is a tense in present, it puts emphasis on the course of duration of an action.

Is used for actions going on in the moment of speaking and for actions taking place only for a short period of time. It is also used to express development and actions that are arranged for the near future.

Present continuous is also know as present progressive, we just add "ING" at the end of the verb.

STRUCTURE---->

*Positive Sentences (+)

Subject  (+)	Verb To be (+)	Verb(ing)  (+)	Complement
She	Is	WORKing	In a hospital
I	Am	Studying	at paediatrics class

*Negative Sentences (-), we just add NOT in verb

Subject  (+)	Verb To be (+)	Verb(ing)  (+)	Complement
She	Is NOT	WORKing	In a hospital
I	Am NOT	Studying	at paediatrics class

*QUESTIONS IN PRESENT CONTINUOUS
In this topic questions are a little harder, there are two types; basic questions and specific questions

1. BASIC QUESTIONS

Auxiliary Verb Be    (+)	Subject  (+)	Verb(ing)  (+)	Complement	?
Is	She	Working	In a hospital	?
Am	I	Studying	at paediatrics class	?

2. SPECIFIC QUESTIONS

Auxiliary Wh   (+)	Auxiliary Verb Be    (+)	Subject  (+)	Verb(ing)  (+)	Complement	?
Why	Is	She	Working	In a hospital	?
When	Are	you	Studying	at paediatrics class	?

WE NEED SOME RULES FOR VERBS:

1)Verb with one syllabe that ends in consonant + vowel+ consonant (C+V+C), double the last letter and add "ing"

Sit  -- Sitting

2)If a verb finish in consonant + vowel "e", we just rid "e" and add "ing"

Come -- Coming

3)When a verb ends in "ie", rid "ie" and add "Y" + "ing"

Lie -- Lying

Las reglas anteriores se aplicaran solo en el verbo, existen algunos verbos donde el presente progresivo no se aplica, durante el transcurso los conoceremos.



NOW PLEASE PRINT THE EXERCISE

Present continuous by Sol Ahumada

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

Los adverbios de frecuencia se utilizan para definir la periodicidad con que se realiza una actividad determinada. se usan habitualmente con el presente simple, los cuales nos indican que tan a menudo realizamos nuestras actividades.

100%	ALWAYS	SIEMPRE
90%	USUALLY	GENERALMENTE
70 %	OFTEN	CON FRECUENCIA
50%	SOMETIMES	A VECES
10%	RARELY	RARAMENTE
0%	NEVER	NUNCA

PUNTOS CLAVE:

A) LOS ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA SE COLOCAN ANTES DEL VERBO (PLAY / DO / RUN)

Subject + adverb + verb + complement

I always help students in the school

Susana and Jose rarely study in the afternoon

B) EXISTE UNA IRREGULARIDAD PARA LOS ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA DONDE SE COLOCAN DESPUES DEL VERBO SER O ESTAR (TO BE VERB: AM /IS/ARE)

Subject + To be verb + adverb + complement

I am always a good student

She is often sleeping in the hospital

Despues de haber leido un poco sobre los adverbios de frecuencia y su uso, como podrias utilizarlos para hablar de tu vida cotidiana?....

SIMPLE PRESENT

USO

*Debemos recordar que para hablar y escribir en ingles tenemos que aprender a estructurar oraciones e identificar el tiempo verbal para poder conjugar los verbos en su forma correcta.

El presente simple también llamado "Indicativo", es el tiempo verbal que nos permite expresar verdades, hechos, acciones, costumbres y hábitos entre otras situaciones en el tiempo actual, suele ser combinado con adverbios de frecuencia (No expresan relacion ni a pasado ni futuro).

Para localizar el presente simple en oraciones, debemos enfocarnos en la estructura del verbo, este se debera de encontrar en forma infinitiva de la siguiente forma TO EAT, recordando que al momento de ser conjugado TO se eliminara, ejemplo: I EAT MEXICAN PIZZA, se observa que en la oracion el uso de TO desaparece (Recordando que los verbos en infinitivo en español son aquellos con terminacion ar, er ir).

ESTRUCTURA

Para poder estructurar o hacer el presente simple tenemos que conocer algunos puntos clave:

1. APRENDER A CONJUGAR LOS VERBOS CON LOS PRONOMBRES EN PRESENTE SIMPLE

*Recordemos que los Pronombres son las personas, objetos o animales a los cuales nos referimos aquellos que ejecutan la accion.

I (yo)

YOU (Tu)

HE (El)

SHE (Ella)

IT (Esto, Este, Esta)

WE (Nosotros)

YOU ( Ustedes)

THEY (Ellos)

*Señalados con amarillo, son llamados terceras personas*

El verbo debe de estar en su forma base, sin utilizar "TO", ejemplo: TO EAT, recordemos que para conjugar los verbos en 3era persona, agregamos una "S" (existen algunas reglas para ello).

PERSONAL PRONOUN	VERB	COMPLEMENT
I	EAT	MEXICAN PIZZA
YOU	EAT	IN THE PARK
HE	EATS	IN THE HOSPITAL
SHE	EATS	IN THE PARTY
IT	EATS	DOG FOOD
WE	EAT	SUSHI
YOU	EAT	GREAT FOOD
THEY	EAT	TACOS

2. ESTRUCTURAR ORACIONES POSITIVAS, NEGATIVAS Y PREGUNTAS (positivas)
Ejemplos:

Oraciones positivas (+) Ejemplo:

I  / WORK /  IN THE HOSPITAL    --> Observemos que cuenta con 3 elementos
SHE / WORKS / IN THE HOSPITAL

PARA LAS ORACIONES NEGATIVAS Y PREGUNTAS NECESITAMOS AÑADIR UN AUXILIAR DO Y DOES

Oraciones negativas utilizamos (-) ---->Utilizando auxiliar DO NOT (DON'T)   Y DOES NOT (DOESN´T), este es el auxiliar en forma negativa, el cual nos permitira negar una accion, recordando que el parentesis contiene la forma corta). Ejemplo:

I / DON´T / WORK / IN THE HOSPITAL
SHE / DOESN´T / WORK / IN THE HOSPITAL

Preguntas positivas (?) ----> Utilizando auxiliar DO Y DOES, este se integra al principio de la pregunta, recordando que DOES solo es para terceras personas (HE / SHE IT) y DO para el resto de los pronombres (I / YOU / WE / THEY). Ejemplo:

DO / YOU / WORK / IN THE HOSPITAL?
DOES / SHE / WORK / IN THE HOSPITAL ?


* RECORDEMOS QUE LA REGLA DE APLICAR LA "S" EN LOS VERBOS PARA (HE, SHE, IT) SOLO SE APLICA EN  ORACIONES POSITIVAS, CUANDO AGREGAMOS EL AUXILIAR DO Y DOES SE ELIMINA.

Simple Present Tense Worksheet by Sol Ahumada

TELLING THE TIME

Nurses often use the time to check the medical record of the patient, administer medication and visitors schedule.

We can use some questions to ask about time:

• What time is it?
• What's the time?
• Could you tell me?, Please
• Have you got the right time?

To answer a question, we use four ways: 

O'CLOCK : Utilizado para hablar de horas exactas, en punto. ------> 12:00 

QUARTER PAST: Utilizado para hablar sobre cuarto de hora ------>12:15

HALF PAST: Utilizado para media hora ---------------------------->12:30

QUARTER TO: Literalmente menos un cuarto de hora -------------->12:45

EXAMPLES:

a)What time is it? -------------> 5:15

It's quarter past five

b) What's the time? ------------> 8:00

It's eight o'clock

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

• We use AT with clock times
• We use IN with parts of the day and longer periods of time

ACTIVITY 1

PRACTICE TELLING  TIME WITH THE NEXT NURSE SCHEDULE 

Nurses Schedule by Sol Ahumada

MEDICAL AND PATIENT EQUIPMENT

Designed to aid in the diagnosis, monitoring or treatment of medical conditions. There are different types for diagnosis, treatments, Sampling and rehabilitation. For nurses, there are certain types of specific equipment. The medical and patient 

 here some examples:

• STETHOSCOPE : a medical instrument for listening the action of someone's heart or breathing.
• TOURNIQUET : a device for stopping the flow of blood through a vein or artery.

Here is a list of some of the most common supplies found in doctor's offices, operating rooms, and medical kits. Read the next exercise and try to complete.

ACTIVITY 1

Matching Exercise
Match the comments with the supplies that are needed:

1	I can't catch my breath.		a	table and head-rest paper
2	Prepare the examining table for the next patient.		b	thermometer
3	We'll have to get a blood sample.		c	oxygen mask
4	I need to sterilize the wound.		d	hypodermic needle
5	We'll have to feed him with liquids.		e	bandage scissors
6	Let's find out your weight.		f	scales
7	I need to examine the patient in private.		g	eye chart
8	Let's check your vision.		h	antiseptic
9	Let's see if you are running a fever.		i	IV bag
10	Can you cut this gauze for me?		j	privacy screen

ACTIVITY 2

Read and complete next MEDICAL EQUIPMENT LIST

Medical Equipment by Sol Ahumada